In this way, how many orbitals are in bromine? Bromine (Z=35), which has 35 electrons, can be found in Period 4, Group VII of the periodic table. Since bromine has 7 valence electrons, the 4s orbital will be completely filled with 2 electrons, and the remaining five electrons will occupy the 4p orbital. If we complete the table below for a bromine atom The effective nuclear charge is determined by subtracting from the number of protons in the nucleus (Z), the number of inner core (I.C.) electrons that shield the valence electron from the nucleus. Z eff = Z - I.C.
Element Bromine - Br
Comprehensive data on the chemical element Bromine is provided on this page; including scores of properties, element names in many languages, most known nuclides of Bromine. Common chemical compounds are also provided for many elements. In addition technical terms are linked to their definitions and the menu contains links to related articles that are a great aid in one's studies.
Bromine Menu
- Bromine Page One
- Bromine Page Two
- Bromine Page Three
Overview of Bromine
- Atomic Number: 35
- Group: 17
- Period: 4
- Series: Halogens
Bromine's Name in Other Languages
- Latin: Bromum
- Czech: Brom
- Croatian: Brom
- French: Brome
- German: Brom - r
- Italian: Bromo
- Norwegian: Brom
- Portuguese: Bromo
- Russian: Бром
- Spanish: Bromo
- Swedish: Brom
Atomic Structure of Bromine
- Atomic Radius: 1.12Å
- Atomic Volume: 23.5cm3/mol
- Covalent Radius: 1.14Å
- Cross Section (Thermal Neutron Capture)σa/barns: 6.8
- Crystal Structure: Orthorhombic
- Electron Configuration:
- 1s2 2s2p6 3s2p6d10 4s2p5
- Electrons per Energy Level: 2,8,18,7
- Shell Model
- Shell Model
- Ionic Radius: 1.96Å
- Filling Orbital: 4p5
- Number of Electrons (with no charge): 35
- Number of Neutrons (most common/stable nuclide): 45
- Number of Protons: 35
- Oxidation States:±1,5
- Valence Electrons: 4s2p5
- Electron Dot Model
- Electron Dot Model
Chemical Properties of Bromine
- Electrochemical Equivalent: 2.9812g/amp-hr
- Electron Work Function:
- Electronegativity: 2.96 (Pauling); 2.74 (Allrod Rochow)
- Heat of Fusion: 5.286kJ/mol
- Incompatibilities:
- combustible organics (sawdust, wood, cotton, straw, etc.), oxidizable material, aqueous ammonia, hydrogen, acetylene, phosphorus, aluminum, titanium, mercury, potassium, other metals.
- Ionization Potential
- First: 11.814
- Second: 21.8
- Third: 36
- Valence Electron Potential (-eV): -7.35
Physical Properties of Bromine
- Atomic Mass Average: 79.904
- Boiling Point: 332.4K 59.25°C 138.65°F
- Coefficient of lineal thermal expansion/K-1: N/A
- Conductivity
- Electrical:
Thermal: 0.00122 W/cmK
- Electrical:
- Density: 3.119g/cc @ 300K
- Description:
- Heavy, red-brown, fuming liquid with a choking, irritating odor; causes tears
- Elastic Modulus:
- Bulk: 1.9/GPa
- Enthalpy of Atomization: 111.7 kJ/mole @ 25°C
- Enthalpy of Fusion: 5.29 kJ/mole
- Enthalpy of Vaporization: 15.46 kJ/mole
- Flammablity Class: Noncombustible Liquid
- Freezing Point:see melting point
- Heat of Vaporization: 15.438kJ/mol
- Melting Point: 266.05K -7.1°C 19.2°F
- Molar Volume: 25.62 cm3/mole
- Optical Refractive Index: 1.001132
- Physical State (at 20°C & 1atm): Liquid
- Realitive Gas Density (Air=1) = 5.51
- Specific Heat: 0.473J/gK
- Vapor Pressure = 5800Pa@-7.1°C
Regulatory / Health
- CAS Number
- 7726-95-6
- UN/NA ID and ERG Guide Number
- 1744 / 154
- RTECS: EF9100000
- NFPA 704
- Health: 4
- Fire:
- Reactivity:
- Special Hazard:
- OSHAPermissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
- 1 ppm = 6.54mg/m3 @ 25°C & 1 atm
- TWA: 0.1 ppm
- OSHA PEL Vacated 1989
- TWA: 0.1 ppm
- STEL: 0.3 ppm
- NIOSHRecommended Exposure Limit (REL)
- TWA: 0.1 ppm
- STEL: 0.3 ppm
- IDLH: 3 ppm
- Routes of Exposure: Inhalation; Ingestion; Skin and/or eye contact
- Target Organs: Respiratory system, eyes, central nervous system, skin
- Levels In Humans:
Note: this data represents naturally occuring levels of elements in the typical human, it DOES NOT represent recommended daily allowances.- Blood/mg dm-3: 4.7
- Bone/p.p.m: 6.7
- Liver/p.p.m: 0.2-7
- Muscle/p.p.m: 7.7
- Daily Dietary Intake: 0.8-24 mg
- Total Mass In Avg. 70kg human: 260 mg
Who / Where / When / How
- Discoverer: Antoine J. Balard/ C. Löwig
- Discovery Location: Montpellier France/Heidelberg Germany
- Discovery Year: 1826
- Name Origin:
- Greek: brômos (stench).
- Abundance of Bromine:
- Earth's Crust/p.p.m.: 0.37
- Seawater/p.p.m.: 65
- Atmosphere/p.p.m.: N/A
- Sun (Relative to H=1E12): N/A
- Sources of Bromine:
- Occurs in compounds in sea water, Dead Sea, natural brines and salt-lake evaporates. World wide production estimated to be around 330,000 tons per year. Main mining areas are USA, Israel, UK, Russia, France and Japan.
- Uses of Bromine:
- Used for water purification (swimming pools), manufacture of ethylene dibromide (anti-knocking gasoline), bleaching, organic synthesis, solvent, analytical reagent, fire retardant for plastics, pharmaceuticals, shrink-proofing wool.
- Additional Notes:
Bromine Menu
- Bromine Page One
- Bromine Page Two
- Bromine Page Three
References
A list of reference sources used to compile the data provided on our periodic table of elements can be found on the main periodic table page.
Related Resources
- Anatomy of the Atom
Answers many questions regarding the structure of atoms. - Molarity, Molality and Normality
Introduces stoichiometry and explains the differences between molarity, molality and normality. - Molar Mass Calculations and Javascript Calculator
Molar mass calculations are explained and there is a JavaScript calculator to aid calculations. - Chemical Database
This database focuses on the most common chemical compounds used in the home and industry.
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Kenneth Barbalace. Periodic Table of Elements - Bromine - Br. EnvironmentalChemistry.com. 1995 - 2021. Accessed on-line: 4/25/2021
https://EnvironmentalChemistry.com/yogi/periodic/Br.html
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Valence Electrons In Br-1
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Valence Electrons In Br
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